A lien is “a claim placed on real property in order to secure a debt” (utcourts.gov). For example: If you finance an auto loan, your lender will place a lien on the vehicle. This means they can exercise their claim and take possession of your car if the loan is not repaid as agreed in the loan contract.
After financing an auto loan, your lender may keep the car's title as collateral. If you're allowed to keep the title, you may be required to have a new one printed showing a lien is currently on the vehicle. Either way, the lien won't be removed from the car until you've paid back the loan in full. Once the loan is paid off, the lien will be removed. The lender will then give you the title and/or you will be permitted to have a new one printed by the DMV that shows the car is lien-free.
Some states have ELT programs that allow liens and titles to exist in electronic formats called "e-liens" and "e-titles." This eliminates the need to keep track of paper titles. Utah's optional ELT program (known as the Utah E-lien Program) allows lenders to file titles electronically and place e-liens on vehicles. Cyprus Credit Union participates in the Utah E-lien Program.
If your state or financial institution participates in an ELT program, the process of handing over or obtaining the title can look a little different once your loan is financed or paid off. For instance: Imagine you take out a loan to buy a car from a neighbor. Your credit union or bank requires you to hand over the title until the loan is paid off. Traditionally, they would keep the paper title on file and give it back to you once the loan is paid in full. With an ELT program, however, they will instead convert the paper title into an e-title and place an e-lien on the car. Once you pay off the auto loan, your lender will release the e-lien and request the DMV to print out a new paper title. The DMV will then mail the new, free-and-clear title to the address they have on file for you.*
Though liens can sometimes be confused with levies, it's good to know the difference between the two. As we know, a lien is a claim on a piece of property (in this case, a vehicle) in order to secure a debt. A levy, on the other hand, is the seizure of property that results from a tax debt. Click here to learn more about levies from Investopedia.
If you have questions about your state's title laws or ELT program, contact your DMV office. To see if your financial institution participates in an ELT program, reach out to them directly. For questions about financing a Cyprus auto loan, click here or call our lending team at 801.260.7700.
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* Check with your DMV to make sure they have your correct address on file. Even if your lender has the correct address, the title could be mailed to the wrong place if you haven't updated it with the DMV.
NOTE: The process of obtaining your title after purchase or payoff may vary by state.